For all of you that are doing or want to do endurance type events and activities, it is very important to understand fueling, hydration, and electrolyte intake. As some of you may have heard, some physical states that endurance exercise can induce can be potentially very dangerous. I wanted to just briefly talk about a couple of things and then point you to a world of knowledge regarding these topics by linking to an endurance library that you will find very helpful. The link is at the end of the post. Most of the information in this post comes from Hammer Nutrition’ website.
CALORIES IN DURING ENDURANCE EVENTS
First off, I wanted to talk about caloric intake. When you are going to be out there doing your thing for a long long time it will be much more manageable if you take calories in. Now you don’t have to take calories in up to a point, but the longer you go, the more important it is. I take calories in from the start of my runs if they are longer than 13 miles. It helps my mind and body to do so. I can run much further without calories, but it is far More difficult to do it. I burn around 700-800 calories per hour while running but the human body will only digest around 350 plus or minus some each hour. You still end up in a deficit but you increase your endurance by doing this.
Dehydration is bad
It is important to take fluids in during your endurance activity. As with food, you body can only take a certain amount of fluid in. You will not be able to replace all the fluid you lose without putting yourself in danger of “water intoxication”. Below is a chart from this link to demonstrate the importance of hydration and its effect on endurance.
Symptoms by percent body weight water loss:
- PERCENT WATER LOST ——— SYMPTOMS
- 0% — none, optimal performance, normal heat regulation
- 1% — thirst stimulated, heat regulation during exercise altered, performance declines
- 2% — further decrease in heat regulation, hinders performance, increased thirst
- 3% — more of the same (worsening performance)
- 4% — exercise performance cut by 20 – 30%
- 5% — headache, irritability, “spaced-out” feeling, fatigue
- 6% — weakness, severe loss of thermoregulation
- 7% — collapse likely unless exercise stops
- 10% — comatose
- 11% — death likely
OVER HYDRATION IS FAR MORE DANGEROUS
One of the most dangerous conditions that can happen to us is hyponatremia. This is the state where the sodium levels in your body have been “watered” down by to much hydration without proper electrolyte replacement. It is a common occurrence with marathoner who will take 6 hours or longer to finish their race. This condition can be and has been fatal at the marathon levels. Here is a little blurb about this condition from hammer nutrition.
Tragic consequences
Hyponatremia usually results from drinking too much, especially when one drinks fluids such as plain water or a sports drink lacking the proper electrolyte profile. Training and fitness levels, weather conditions, and, undoubtedly, biological predisposition, also contribute to developing this form of hyponatremia known as “water intoxication.”
Sadly, we must note that this condition has lead, directly or in part, to the deaths of otherwise healthy runners in major American marathons. It is hard for us to comprehend the grief of the families they left behind. These athletes went out to run a marathon, to achieve a personal victory. Improper hydration took away their day of glory and also their lives. They collapsed and went into an irreversible condition involving uncontrollable brain edema, coma, and death. We report this to help prevent any future such tragedies. Over-hydration represents a very serious problem. Unlike dehydration, which will generally only result in painful cramping, possibly a DNF, or at the worst, IV treatment, over-hydration can incite a chain of ultimately fatal physiological consequences.
So you cannot replace all fluids lost but you can drink to much. The reason for writing this post is because I used to be very scared of this condition and also of generally hurting myself doing these long runs. I want to share with you the most important resource I have found for learning about endurance activity and it’s necessary caloric and fluid replacement.
The complete endurance library